Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Bal Gangadhar Tilak :

Birth : 23 July 1856,Ratnagiri,Maharashtra.

He is popularly known as "Lokmanya Tilak".

He founded and served as president of the Indian Home Rule League(1914) with the rousing slogan “Swarajya is my birthright and I will have it".

In 1916 he concluded the Lucknow Pact with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, which provided for Hindu-Muslim unity in the struggle for independence.

Published two weekly newspapers: "Kesari",in Marathi, and "The Mahratta",in English.

Jawaharlal Nehru described him as “the Father of the Indian Revolution”.

Ignatius Valentine Chirol,a british journalist described him as "The  Father of Indian Unrest".

He wrote 2 books "The Arctic home in the Vedas" and "Gita Rahasya".

Died : 1 August 1920 ,Mumbai.

ChandraShekar Azad

Chandra Shekhar Azad :

*Birth :23 July 1906,Bhavra,Alirajpur district,Madhya pradesh.

*His original name is "Chandra Shekar Tiwari".

*"Pranvesh Chatterji" introduced Azd to "Ram Prasad Bismil"(Founder of "Hindustan Republican Association") & he was impressed by Azad, when Azad reportedly put his hand over a lamp and did not remove it till his skin burnt.

*He took part in the famous Kakori Train Robbery of 1925.

*Involved in the shooting of J.P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928.

*He is regarded as the mentor of "Bhagat Singh".

*Saved his Revolutionary colleague "Sukhdev Raj" & killed himself when he was surrounded by armed police at "Alfred Park" on 27 February 1931.

*"Alfred Park" is renamed as "ChandraShekar Azad park".

*The Colt Pistol of Azad is displayed in the Allahabad museum in "Chandrashekar Azad park".

Bhagat Singh

Bhagat Singh :

Birth - 28 September 1907,Banga village,Jaranwala Tehsil,Punjab.

He founded a youth organisation "Naujawan Bharat Sabha" in March 1926.

He also joined the "Hindustan Republican Association" which had prominent leaders like Ram Prasad Bismil, Chandrashekhar Azad and Ashfaqulla Khan.

The name of the organisation was changed to "Hindustan Socialist Republican Association" at Singh's insistence.

Became secretary of "Kirti Kisan Party" in September 1928.

Planned to kill "James A Scott" as revenge to Lala Lajpat rai's death,but killed "John Sanders" by a mistaken identity on 17 December 1928 with "Shivaram Rajguru", "Sukhdev Thapar" and "Chandrashekhar Azad".

On 8 April 1929,Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw 2 bombs inside the assembly & shouted slogans "Inquilab Zindabad".

Led the Indian prisoners in Mianwali Jail in a hunger strike to protest the illegal discrimination between Indian and English prisoners.

Special tribunal called Privy council{Justice J. Coldstream (president), Justice G. C. Hilton and Justice Agha Hyder (members)} was set up by Viceroy Lord Irwin to speed up the trail in "Lahore Conspiracy case".

Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were sentenced to death in Lahore conspiracy and hanged on 23 March 1931 at 7:30 pm in Lahore jail.

Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) :

Birth : 14 November 1889,Allahabad.

First Prime minister of Independent India.

Is known as "Architect of Modern India".

President of INC in Lahore session "1929",passed the "Independence resolution"

Author of "Doctrine of Panchsheel"

He is a world renowned author,some of his work are...

The Discovery of India ,Glimpses of World History ,A Bunch of old letters ,The Unity of India ,Independence and after ,India and the world ,Autobiography.

Subhash Chandra Bose

Subhash chandhra Bose(1897-1945) :

Birth january 23,1897 at cuttack.

Passed civils in 1920 & left it during "Non Cooperation Movement".

Founded "Independence for India League" with "Nehru".

President of Indian National Congress in 1938 at "Ilaripura session".

Founded "Forward Block" in 1939.

In 1941 escaped to Berlin & met Hitler.

He gave the war cry "Dilli Chalo" and Slogan "Jai Hind".

Autobiography - "The Indian Struggle".

He addressed Gandhi as "Father of Nation".

In 1943,took charge of "Indian National Army" in singapore & set up Indian Provisional Government there.

Died in Plane Crash on August 18,1945.

Noble Prize winners-India

Winner name                                Field            Year

Venkataraman Ramakrishnan    - Chemistry    -2009

Amartya Sen                             -Economics    -1998

Subrahmanyam Chandrasekhar -Physics          -1983

Mother Teresa                           -Peace           -1979

Hargobind Khorana                  -Medicine       -1968

CV Raman                                -Physics          -1930

Rabindranath Tagore                -Literature      -1913

Constituition

1. Which article is known as Heart and Soul of the Constitution ?
    Article 32
2. Which article is known as Necessary Evil ?
    Article 22
3. Article 17 of the Indian Constitution provides for ?
    Abolition of Untouchability
4. Fundamental Right are granted to citizens under which Article ?
    Article 12 to 35
5. 'Right to Equality' is guaranteed to the citizens of India under Article ?
    Article 14
6. Which article has banned employment of children below the of 14 in hazardous industries and factories ?
    Article 24
7. Which article deals with the free and compulsory education to all children below 14 years of age?
    Article 45
8. Which article deals with Right to elementary Education ?
    Article 21 A
9. Which is the Article that provides special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir ?
    Article 370
10. Which Article relates to the establishment of Finance Commission ?
   Article 280
11. Which Article deals with the Fundamental Duties ?
   Article 51

Nicknames

Nicknames of Bangalore -

1. Silicon valley of India
2. Garden city of India
3. Space city
4. Electronic city of India


Mumbai -

1. Hollywood of India
2. Gateway of India
3. City of seven islands



City of Rallies - New Delhi,

City of Buildings - Kolkata,

City of Temples - Varanasi,

Pink city - Jaipur,

Heaven of India - Jammu & Kashmir

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi :

Birth- at Porbandar(Kathiarwar),October 2,1869

Parents- Karamchand Gandhi & Putlibai;

Wife - Kasturba(Married-1883);

Studied law from 1888-1891;

Went to Natal,South Africa -1893;

Champaran Satyagraha(1917)-Against Tinkathia system;

Ahmedabad Mill Strike(1918)-Regarding Plague bonus;

Kheda Satyagraha(1918)-Remission of land Revenue from peasants;

Rowlatt Satyagraha(March,1919)-Against Rowlatt act;

Started Non-cooperation movement in 1920;

Withdrew Non-cooperation movement due to Chauri Chaura incident on February 5,1922;

People at Chauri Chaura burnt 22 police men;

Salt Satyagraha or Dandi March-(March 12,1930);

After reaching Dandi,started Civil Dis-obedience Movement;

Gandhi Irwin Pact(1931)-To call off civil dis-obedience movement;

Gandhi-Ambedkar pact or puna pact(1932);

Started Quit India Movement-(August 1942);

Published Newspapers -

YoungIndia(English),Harijan(English),Navajeeven,Harijan Sevak(Hindi),Harijan Bandhu(Gujarati)

Died -January 30,1948.